{"id":39175,"date":"2025-05-04T20:02:36","date_gmt":"2025-05-05T00:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/?p=39175"},"modified":"2025-05-04T23:02:42","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T03:02:42","slug":"mid-century-chairs-connections-network-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/visualization\/mid-century-chairs-connections-network-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Mid-Century Chairs &amp; Connections: Network Analysis<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>This analysis uses network visualization to examine relationships between 111 influential 1890s-1990s designers. The study reveals natural communities that transcend conventional categorizations, showing how design ideas flowed across regions and styles. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-dark-red-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\">RESEARCH QUESTION<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background\">Did specific geographical regions exhibit more substantial influence within particular design categories, and how might this relate to recognition levels for designers from those regions? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Methods<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The dataset comprises 111 designers from 17 countries, 62 schools, and seven art movements, from the same dataset for the <a href=\"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/visualization\/chair-design-map-analysis-1982-1998\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/visualization\/chair-design-map-analysis-1982-1998\/\">Map Visualization<\/a>, but enriched with nodes. Designer attributes include gender, style, country, and school affiliation. Connections between designers represent relationships including shared schools and spousal connections, with weighted edges (1-3) indicating relationship strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We used Gephi&#8217;s ForceAtlas2 layout with modularity detection to create a graph showing node connections. Based on earlier iterations, this graph has a density of 20.2% and a modularity percentage of 31.6%. The size of each node indicates its influence, which is determined by the number of connections it has. We made several visualizations, including:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nodes colored by geographical region&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nodes sized by weighted degree&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nodes colored by design style&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-dark-red-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\">REFERENCES<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I will create a static poster for my network visualization to learn more about the concept. However, once I learn more about CSS and JS, I look forward to revisiting the visualization and making it more interactive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/MatthewNetwork-small-1024x531.png?resize=840%2C436&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39176 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/MatthewNetwork-small.png?resize=1024%2C531&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/MatthewNetwork-small.png?resize=300%2C156&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/MatthewNetwork-small.png?resize=768%2C398&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/MatthewNetwork-small.png?resize=800%2C415&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/MatthewNetwork-small.png?resize=347%2C180&amp;ssl=1 347w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/MatthewNetwork-small.png?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><em>Data Visualization: Mapping the Character Network of the Four Gospels by<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.martingrandjean.ch\/author\/martingrandjean\/\"><em>Martin Grandjean<\/em><\/a><em>,<\/em> <em>2020. Source:<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.martingrandjean.ch\/data-visualization-network-gospels\/\"><em>https:\/\/www.martingrandjean.ch\/data-visualization-network-gospels\/<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I like how this visualization gives users the information they need to understand the network. I look forward to adding accessibility features to my visualization.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Voila%CC%80-Portfolio-TDLC-poster2EN-ptbikc2t2nshqgoye9hxibexfg42kgav9rgmy9zuhc-1024x683.jpg?resize=840%2C560&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39177 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Voila%CC%80-Portfolio-TDLC-poster2EN-ptbikc2t2nshqgoye9hxibexfg42kgav9rgmy9zuhc.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Voila%CC%80-Portfolio-TDLC-poster2EN-ptbikc2t2nshqgoye9hxibexfg42kgav9rgmy9zuhc.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Voila%CC%80-Portfolio-TDLC-poster2EN-ptbikc2t2nshqgoye9hxibexfg42kgav9rgmy9zuhc.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Voila%CC%80-Portfolio-TDLC-poster2EN-ptbikc2t2nshqgoye9hxibexfg42kgav9rgmy9zuhc.jpg?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Voila%CC%80-Portfolio-TDLC-poster2EN-ptbikc2t2nshqgoye9hxibexfg42kgav9rgmy9zuhc.jpg?resize=270%2C180&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Voila%CC%80-Portfolio-TDLC-poster2EN-ptbikc2t2nshqgoye9hxibexfg42kgav9rgmy9zuhc.jpg?w=1500&amp;ssl=1 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><em>Networks at Work for Tokyo Development Learning Center by Voila, 2020. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/chezvoila.com\/project\/tokyostartup\/\">https:\/\/chezvoila.com\/project\/tokyostartup\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I appreciate this visualization&#8217;s clear information, simple visual choices, and easy-to-understand legend. I want to include these features in my network visualization.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-dark-red-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\">DATASET<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Nodes-edited.jpg?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Nodes-edited.jpg?w=1768&amp;ssl=1 1768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Nodes-edited.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Nodes-edited.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Nodes-edited.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Nodes-edited.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Nodes-edited.jpg?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Nodes-edited.jpg?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Nodes-edited.jpg?w=1680 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Nodes Dataset to use is sourced from Wikidata by SPARQL. Source: Author.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The dataset combines information on 111 chair designers with their professional and personal connections. Initial data collection focused on basic designer attributes (gender, style, country, school) and relationships between them (spouse, shared_school).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Edges-edited.jpg?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Edges-edited.jpg?w=912&amp;ssl=1 912w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Edges-edited.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Edges-edited.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Edges-edited.jpg?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Edges-edited.jpg?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Edges Dataset to use is sourced from Wikidata manually enriched through the available data. Source: Author.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This raw data was processed in Gephi to generate network statistics. The software calculated various metrics, including degree measurements, weighted values, and centrality measures. The most significant enrichment came through Gephi&#8217;s modularity algorithm, which identified four natural communities among the designers with a modularity percentage of 31.6% and overall graph density of 20.2%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/Dataset_Gephi-Enriched.gif?resize=800%2C320&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39193\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dataset after the Gephi&#8217;s Analysis Filters, adding level of Weight-Degree, Modularity and more. Source: Author.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The final enhanced dataset reveals the interconnections between 111 designers from 17 countries, representing 62 schools and seven art movements, clustered into four distinct clusters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-dark-red-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\">VISUALIZATION<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand the underlying factors driving the Modularity Class and its visualization, I created multiple visualization approaches using ForceAtlas 2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?resize=840%2C560&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39196 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?w=3052&amp;ssl=1 3052w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?resize=800%2C533&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?resize=270%2C180&amp;ssl=1 270w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-01-1-edited.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modularity Classification by Gephi <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The initial visualization displayed nodes colored by modularity class, revealing four distinct communities without explaining the factors driving these groupings. The edge colors were used to determine the connection between designer&#8217;s country, school and style.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02-1024x576.png?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39197 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02.png?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02.png?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02.png?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-02.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Geographic Analysis <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Coloring nodes by geographic origin based on the map visualization I made earlier. The Edge colors were used to determine the source connection.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04-1024x576.png?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39210 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04.png?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04.png?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04.png?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-04.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Stylistic Approach<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Organizing nodes by design style revealed how certain styles dominated particular regions. The Edge colors were used to determine the source connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Modernism (purple) dominated the American cluster<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Functionalism (green) appeared strongly in both Scandinavia and Central Europe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Post-Modernism and Memphis (blue and teal) concentrated in the Italian group<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1-1024x576.png?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39199 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1.png?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1.png?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1.png?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/ANALYSIS-2-03-1.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Influence Analysis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sizing nodes by weighted degree showed influence distribution across the network. The lighter the hue, the more connected. The most influential figures concentrated in the American Modernist cluster, with secondary influence centers in the Scandinavian group. This explains the higher density values in these communities (0.65 and 0.55, respectively) compared to the Southern European (0.40) and Functionalist (0.35) clusters.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-dark-red-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\">FINAL RESULTS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This network analysis provides valuable insights into the ecosystem of mid-century chair design, revealing how communities formed not just around geography or stated design philosophies, but through actual working relationships and influence patterns. Here is the full overview of the main pattern and information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?w=3656&amp;ssl=1 3656w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-02-edited.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Please explore the information for each modularity cluster to learn more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Five key patterns emerged from the visualization:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Design movements transcend geography while maintaining regional characteristics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Community structures vary significantly from highly cohesive (American) to more loosely connected (European Functionalist)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bridge figures played crucial roles in transmitting ideas across different design approaches<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regional design centers (Milan, Copenhagen, New York) formed distinctive creative ecosystems<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>We can also break the network analysis to reveal four distinct modularity groups with unique characteristics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow aligncenter is-style-rectangular\" data-effect=\"slide\"><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_container swiper-container\"><ul class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_swiper-wrapper swiper-wrapper\"><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-39223\" data-id=\"39223\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-1024x576.png?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present.png?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present.png?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present.png?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-39220\" data-id=\"39220\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2-1024x576.png?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2.png?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2.png?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2.png?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-03-2.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-39219\" data-id=\"39219\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2-1024x576.png?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2.png?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2.png?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2.png?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-04-2.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-39221\" data-id=\"39221\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2-1024x576.png?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2.png?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2.png?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2.png?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-05-2.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_slide swiper-slide\"><figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_image wp-image-39222\" data-id=\"39222\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2-1024x576.png?resize=840%2C473&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2.png?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2.png?resize=2048%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2.png?resize=800%2C450&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2.png?resize=320%2C180&amp;ssl=1 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2.png?w=1680 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-06-2.png?w=2520 2520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-prev swiper-button-prev swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-next swiper-button-next swiper-button-white\" role=\"button\"><\/a><a aria-label=\"Pause Slideshow\" class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_button-pause\" role=\"button\"><\/a><div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-slideshow_pagination swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-white\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-dark-red-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\">KEY FINDINGS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Modernist Core Dominance Reflects Historical Power<\/em><\/strong>. The American Modernist cluster (orange) comprises 40.5% of the network with the highest connectivity density (0.65). This demonstrates how mid-century design was dominated by American interpretations of modernism through commercial partnerships with corporations like Herman Miller and Knoll.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Regional Style Adaptations Maintain Distinct Identities<\/em><\/strong>. Despite sharing modernist principles, each modularity group developed regionally distinctive approaches: American pragmatism, Scandinavian organic functionalism, Italian experimentation, and European theoretical foundations, while operating within a Western-defined framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Educational Pathways Shape Network Clusters<\/em><\/strong>. Key educational institutions (Cranbrook, Royal Danish Academy, Bauhaus, Ulm School) strongly influenced the formation of design communities, with graduates often clustering together regardless of nationality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Bridge Figures Facilitate Cross-Regional Exchange<\/em><\/strong>. A few designers (approximately 7-9% of the network) account for roughly 15% of cross-modularity connections, serving as crucial conduits for design ideas to travel between different communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Varying Community Structures Reveal Different Design Ecosystems<\/em><\/strong>. The density gradient across modularity groups (from 0.65 to 0.35) reveals fundamentally different organizational approaches &#8211; from the tightly collaborative American system to the more outward-facing European functionalist approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reflection<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-dark-red-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\">BIASES &amp; LIMITATIONS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The dataset may over-represent well-documented designers and relationships, potentially obscuring less prominent but still significant figures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Might be biased towards the range of weight regarding the relationships due to self-labeling through research on Wikipedia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Connections don&#8217;t distinguish between different types of relationships (collaboration, influence, mentorship)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The static representation masks the temporal evolution of these relationships, which developed over several decades.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-dark-red-color has-text-color wp-block-heading\">FUTURE DIRECTIONS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enhancing Data and Context<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Develop a more nuanced coding schema for relationships between designers to differentiate types of connections.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create interactive visualizations using Sigma.JS with pop-up windows containing designer information and significant works.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Implement timeline\/geomapping functionality to show the evolution of connections over the mid-century chair design.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advanced Analytical Approaches<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Create ego networks for key bridge figures to better understand their specific role in connecting different design communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apply additional network metrics to identify less obvious but significant patterns of influence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Incorporate additional metadata about materials, techniques, and clients to reveal deeper patterns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Expanding Scope and Addressing Bias<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Integrate social and historical context to better understand forces shaping the geographical and stylistic landscape of 20th-century design.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction This analysis uses network visualization to examine relationships between 111 influential 1890s-1990s designers. The study reveals natural communities that transcend conventional categorizations, showing how design ideas flowed across regions and styles. RESEARCH QUESTION Did specific geographical regions exhibit more substantial influence within particular design categories, and how might this relate to recognition levels for&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4472,"featured_media":39200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[149,342,1],"tags":[39,5,106],"coauthors":[1895],"class_list":["post-39175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-labs","category-networks","category-visualization","tag-gephi","tag-information-visualization","tag-network-visualization"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/InfoViz-Network-Present-01.png?fit=4000%2C2250&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paBdcV-abR","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4472"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39175"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39225,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39175\/revisions\/39225"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39175"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=39175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}