{"id":38748,"date":"2025-04-17T04:21:34","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T08:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/?p=38748"},"modified":"2025-04-17T04:21:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T08:21:37","slug":"how-the-world-emits-mapping-the-sources-efficiency-and-structure-of-global-co%e2%82%82-emissions-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/labs\/maps\/how-the-world-emits-mapping-the-sources-efficiency-and-structure-of-global-co%e2%82%82-emissions-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>How the World Emits: Mapping the Sources, Efficiency, and Structure of Global CO\u2082 Emissions (2022)<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In an age defined by climate urgency, understanding the geography of carbon emissions is more critical than ever. While conversations often focus on \u201cwho emits the most,\u201d it\u2019s equally important to ask: <em>how<\/em> do countries emit? <em>How efficient<\/em> are their economies per unit of carbon? And <em>what sectors<\/em> are driving this burden? In this report, I use three Tableau-based visualizations to map global CO\u2082 emissions in 2022 from three perspectives: <strong>dominant emission sectors<\/strong>, <strong>CO\u2082 per GDP efficiency<\/strong>, and <strong>sectoral composition of national footprints<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Context &amp; Methodology<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These visualizations are built on data from <strong>Our World in Data\u2019s CO\u2082 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions dataset<\/strong>, a comprehensive, annually updated CSV containing national-level data on emissions by fuel type, sector, per capita metrics, and economic context (GDP). The original dataset includes over 60 columns and over 200 country\/regional records per year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To create the three maps, I followed a structured data cleaning and transformation workflow in Excel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Filtered to the year 2022<\/strong> to ensure consistency across all visualizations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Removed aggregate regions<\/strong> (e.g: &#8220;World&#8221;, &#8220;Asia&#8221;, &#8220;High-income countries&#8221;) to avoid duplication and bias.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dropped countries with null or zero values<\/strong> in critical fields like <code>co2<\/code>, <code>gdp<\/code>, or per-sector emissions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Created new fields for analysis<\/strong>, such as:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>sector_max<\/code> (the industry with the largest share of a country\u2019s emissions)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>co2_per_gdp<\/code> (carbon efficiency per dollar of GDP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>coal_share<\/code>, <code>oil_share<\/code>, etc. (industry shares of national emissions)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These transformations were essential to highlight not just absolute quantities but also structural patterns. For instance, <strong>China has one of the highest total CO\u2082 emissions<\/strong>, but when examined per capita or per GDP, the interpretation changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Visualization 1: Dominant CO\u2082 Emission Sector by Country<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1-1024x454.png?resize=840%2C372&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-38751\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1.png?resize=1024%2C454&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1.png?resize=300%2C133&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1.png?resize=768%2C341&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1.png?resize=1536%2C682&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1.png?resize=2048%2C909&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1.png?resize=800%2C355&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1.png?resize=400%2C178&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1.png?w=1680 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/views\/DominantCOEmissionSectorsbyCountry2022\/Sheet1?:language=en-US&amp;:sid=&amp;:redirect=auth&amp;:display_count=n&amp;:origin=viz_share_link\">https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/views\/DominantCOEmissionSectorsbyCountry2022\/Sheet1?:language=en-US&amp;:sid=&amp;:redirect=auth&amp;:display_count=n&amp;:origin=viz_share_link<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This map shows which sector contributes the largest share of CO\u2082 emissions in each country. Based on 2022 data from Our World in Data, I calculated the largest contributor to national emissions from coal, oil, gas, cement, flaring, and other industrial sources. Each country is color-coded by its top sector, offering a global overview of energy dependencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Main Trend:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Coal dominates in countries like China, India, and South Africa<\/strong>, pointing to coal-heavy electricity grids.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Oil leads in the U.S. and Middle Eastern nations<\/strong>, reflecting transportation and extraction-driven economies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gas dominates in high-producing economies like Saudi Arabia<\/strong>, revealing infrastructure tied to fossil fuels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This map helps reveal the <strong>energy identity<\/strong> of each nation and lays a foundation for future explorations into decarbonization strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Visualization 2: CO\u2082 Emissions per Dollar of GDP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/2-1024x494.png?resize=840%2C405&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-38753\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/2.png?resize=1024%2C494&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/2.png?resize=300%2C145&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/2.png?resize=768%2C370&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/2.png?resize=1536%2C740&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/2.png?resize=2048%2C987&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/2.png?resize=800%2C386&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/2.png?resize=373%2C180&amp;ssl=1 373w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/2.png?w=1680 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/views\/COEmissionsperDollarofGDP2022\/Sheet1?:language=en-US&amp;publish=yes&amp;:sid=&amp;:redirect=auth&amp;:display_count=n&amp;:origin=viz_share_link\">https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/views\/COEmissionsperDollarofGDP2022\/Sheet1?:language=en-US&amp;publish=yes&amp;:sid=&amp;:redirect=auth&amp;:display_count=n&amp;:origin=viz_share_link<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second map visualizes carbon efficiency\u2014<strong>how many tons of CO\u2082 are emitted per unit of GDP<\/strong>. This highlights not just how much a country emits, but how much carbon is required to produce economic value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Main Trend:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Developed countries like France, Japan, and the UK show low CO\u2082 per GDP<\/strong>, suggesting cleaner economies and services-led structures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Countries like Iran, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia show high CO\u2082 per GDP<\/strong>, meaning they generate significant pollution relative to economic output.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This visualization moves away from absolute blame and instead encourages global accountability in terms of <strong>carbon productivity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Visualization 3: Sectoral Share of CO\u2082 Emissions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/3-1024x462.png?resize=840%2C379&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-38754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/3.png?resize=1024%2C462&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/3.png?resize=300%2C135&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/3.png?resize=768%2C347&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/3.png?resize=1536%2C693&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/3.png?resize=2048%2C925&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/3.png?resize=800%2C361&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/3.png?resize=400%2C180&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/3.png?w=1680 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/views\/CoalsShareofNationalCOEmissions2022\/Sheet1?:language=en-US&amp;:sid=&amp;:redirect=auth&amp;:display_count=n&amp;:origin=viz_share_link\">https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/views\/CoalsShareofNationalCOEmissions2022\/Sheet1?:language=en-US&amp;:sid=&amp;:redirect=auth&amp;:display_count=n&amp;:origin=viz_share_link<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The third map series examines <strong>what percentage of a country\u2019s total emissions comes from each sector<\/strong>. Unlike the first map, which focused only on the leading sector, these maps reveal national emission \u201crecipes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Coal-heavy examples:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>China, South Africa, and India<\/strong> have over 50% of emissions from coal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Oil-heavy economies:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Venezuela<\/strong> show disproportionate oil-based emissions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Balanced structures:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Countries like <strong>Germany and the U.K.<\/strong> display more distributed CO\u2082 sources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reflection &amp; Next Steps<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While these visualizations clearly reveal key global patterns, some limitations remain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Missing annotation<\/strong>: Next iteration will include chart-level annotations for major outliers (e.g: China\u2019s 70% coal share).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Time series<\/strong>: Expanding this into a multi-year view would show progress (or regress).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Migration &amp; climate<\/strong>: Future maps may intersect emissions with climate risk or displacement metrics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In future work, I would like to incorporate <strong>policy targets (e.g: Paris Goals)<\/strong> and show where countries are over- or under-shooting their commitments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction In an age defined by climate urgency, understanding the geography of carbon emissions is more critical than ever. While conversations often focus on \u201cwho emits the most,\u201d it\u2019s equally important to ask: how do countries emit? How efficient are their economies per unit of carbon? And what sectors are driving this burden? In this&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4482,"featured_media":38751,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[341],"tags":[5,31],"coauthors":[1902],"class_list":["post-38748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maps","tag-information-visualization","tag-maps"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/04\/1.png?fit=2519%2C1118&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paBdcV-a4Y","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4482"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38748"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38756,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38748\/revisions\/38756"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38748"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/infovis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=38748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}