{"id":16,"date":"2017-04-24T19:25:56","date_gmt":"2017-04-24T19:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/research.prattsils.org\/fakenews\/?page_id=16"},"modified":"2017-04-24T19:25:56","modified_gmt":"2017-04-24T19:25:56","slug":"4-opposition-party","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/analysis\/4-opposition-party\/","title":{"rendered":"Period 4: &#8220;Opposition party&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b><\/b><b>Mid-January \u2013\u00a0Early February 2017<\/b><\/h2>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-295\" src=\"http:\/\/research.prattsils.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/04\/fakenews-all-sources-4-1024x546.jpg\" alt=\"fakenews-all sources-4\" width=\"980\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/fakenews-all-sources-4-1024x546.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/fakenews-all-sources-4-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/fakenews-all-sources-4-768x410.jpg 768w, https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/fakenews-all-sources-4.jpg 1342w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h3>Alternative Facts &amp; Opposition Parties<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fairly significant differences in the prevalence of the term &#8220;fake news&#8221; appear in the the mid-January to early-February time period. While in the preceding periods the usage of the term is proportionally quite similar across all three datasets, in period four we begin to see a bit of separation between the relative frequency of the use of the term.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Major events associated with the term &#8220;fake news&#8221; during this time period are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Presidential Inauguration &#8211; January 21<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Women\u2019s March &#8211; January 22<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kellyanne Conway\u2019s dubbing of Sean Spicer\u2019s inauguration photo statements as \u201calternative facts\u201d &#8211; January 22<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chief White House Strategist Steve Bannon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/26\/business\/media\/stephen-bannon-trump-news-media.html\">\u201copposition party\u201d comment<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; January 25<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">@realDonaldTrump tweet accusing <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/realdonaldtrump\/status\/825690087857995776?lang=en\">@nytimes of \u201cFAKE NEWS\u201d<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0&#8211; January 29<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kellyanne Conway\u2019s mentions of the \u201cBowling Green Massacre\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cosmopolitan<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">TMZ <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hardball with Chris Matthews <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; January 29 &amp; February 3<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">@realDonaldTrump tweet: <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/realdonaldtrump\/status\/828574430800539648?lang=en\">\u201cAny negative polls are fake news\u201d<\/a> &#8211; February 6<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two terms become associated in the discourse of fake news within this period, \u201calternative facts\u201d and \u201copposition party,\u201d as seen in the data sources.\u00a0These\u00a0new terminologies, particularly\u00a0&#8220;alternative facts&#8221;, act\u00a0as a sort of counter to the extant use of the term &#8220;fake news&#8217;.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_391\" style=\"width: 884px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-391\" class=\"wp-image-391 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/Altern-over-time.png\" alt=\"Altern over time\" width=\"874\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/Altern-over-time.png 874w, https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/Altern-over-time-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/Altern-over-time-768x168.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-391\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Altern&#8221; over time in LexisNexis<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Following the president\u2019s accusation of CNN and Buzzfeed in the previous period, these new phrases perhaps act as a sort of stand-in for the term &#8220;fake news&#8221;\u00a0by the Trump administration. Steve Bannon calls the media an &#8220;opposition party&#8221;, claiming that they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/26\/business\/media\/stephen-bannon-trump-news-media.html\">&#8220;don&#8217;t understand this country\u201d<\/a>. Kellyanne Conway uses the phrase \u201calternative facts\u201d to excuse Sean Spicer\u2019s exaggerated comments about attendance at the Trump inauguration. Alternatively, the public utilizes this phrase in regards to her comments about the nonexistent\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/morning-mix\/wp\/2017\/02\/03\/kellyanne-conway-cites-bowling-green-massacre-that-never-happened-to-defend-travel-ban\/?utm_term=.a4526cd032c7\">\u201cBowling Green Massacre&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Resistance Accounts<\/h3>\n<p>The Monday following the inauguration and &#8220;alternative facts&#8221; interview, social media exploded with reports that <a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/alltechconsidered\/2017\/01\/25\/511664825\/rogue-national-park-accounts-emerge-on-twitter-amid-social-media-gag-orders\">the official Badlands National Park Twitter account had been ordered to delete tweets advocating\u00a0climate change facts.\u00a0<\/a>The park&#8217;s tweets were widely understood as a critique on climate change-denying members of the Trump Administration, and several self-described &#8220;alternate&#8221; National Parks Service accounts popped up following public outcry over the deletion. The most retweeted and favorited single tweet in our entire &#8220;Fake News&#8221; Twitter data comes from one such account, @AltNatParkSer (since renamed @NotAltWorld):<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_437\" style=\"width: 512px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-437\" class=\"wp-image-437 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/AltNPS.png\" alt=\"@AltNatParkSer (since renamed @NotAltWorld)\" width=\"502\" height=\"124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/AltNPS.png 502w, https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/AltNPS-300x74.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 502px) 100vw, 502px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-437\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">@AltNatParkSer (since renamed @NotAltWorld)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The reach of this tweet reflects\u00a0a key moment in the spread of &#8220;resistant&#8221; discourse across Twitter.<\/p>\n<h3>Resistance Hashtags<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/27\/us\/politics\/trump-syrian-refugees.html\">January 27th, President Trump signed<\/a> the Executive Order &#8220;Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States&#8221;, otherwise known as the Muslim Ban. Immediately, the hashtag &#8220;#muslimban&#8221; becomes the most used hashtag from January 28 through January 30th (in tweets that also contain the phrase &#8220;fake news&#8221;). Other such anti-administration terms, such as \u00a0&#8220;#resist&#8221;, also increase in real-time response to activities by and against the administration.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_382\" style=\"width: 990px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/resist.png\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-382\" class=\"wp-image-382 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/research.prattsils.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2017\/04\/resist-1024x364.png\" alt=\"#resist (&quot;Fake News&quot; hashtag data)\" width=\"980\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/resist-1024x364.png 1024w, https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/resist-300x107.png 300w, https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/resist-768x273.png 768w, https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/04\/resist.png 1371w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-382\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">#resist (&#8220;Fake News&#8221; hashtag data)<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"http:\/\/research.prattsils.org\/fakenews\/analysis\/3-you-are-fake-news\/\">&lt; \u00a0Previous<br \/>\nPeriod 3: &#8220;You are fake news&#8221;<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.prattsils.org\/fakenews\/analysis\/\">Analysis<br \/>\nOverview<\/a><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><a href=\"http:\/\/research.prattsils.org\/fakenews\/analysis\/5-very-fake-news\/\">Next \u00a0&gt;<br \/>\nPeriod 5: &#8220;Very fake news&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mid-January \u2013\u00a0Early February 2017 Alternative Facts &amp; Opposition Parties Fairly significant differences in the prevalence of the term &#8220;fake news&#8221; appear in the the mid-January to early-February time period. While in the preceding periods the usage of the term is&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":295,"parent":8,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/studentwork.prattsi.org\/fakenews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}